Turner syndrome

                       Turner syndrome (TS) is another syndrome that affects girls. A female is born with two X chromosomes in TS one of the X chromosomes is missing or abnormal.

        Features at birth are;

n      Small size

n      Broad chest

n      Widely spaced nipples

n      Puffy hands and feet

n      Prominent ears

n      Short, broad neck

Characteristics as they get older are;

n      Short stature

n      Webbed neck

n      Low hairline at the back of the neck

n      Arms that turn out at the elbow

n      Failure to begin puberty – infertility

Common medical problems associated with TS are;

n      Congenital heart defect

n      Hearing problems

n      Middle ear infections

n      High blood pressure

n      Kidney problems

n      Thyroid gland disorders

n      Diabetes

                        TS is a life long condition. There are many treatments available to help affected girls or women reach their full potential in all aspects of life, these are;

n      Surgery to correct any heart problem

n      Growth hormone therapy to increase height

n      Hormone replacement therapy to trigger menstruation

n      Regular monitoring to check hormone levels

n      Management of all complications

n      Assisted reproduction

                      TS can affect how a girl looks and develops, therefore some girls may suffer low self esteem, these girls will benefit in participating in a TS support group or counselling. Girls with TS are all different; some may have many physical differences, while others only experience only a few. Although girls with TS may have certain learning difficulties, the majority are able to attend regular school. With early and appropriate medical care and ongoing support, most girls with TS can lead normal, healthy and productive lives.

                      I hope this helps………….